Foram realizados 16 experimentos em campo, no ano agrícola de 2001/02, nas principais regiões produtoras de algodão do Estado de São Paulo, objetivando avaliar o comportamento de 12 genótipos de algodoeiro em relação à produtividade, à qualidade da fibra e à resistência a seis doenças da cultura. Foi utilizado o delineamento de blocos completos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, cada uma delas representada por duas linhas de 5 metros de comprimento. Diferenças substanciais foram observadas entre os genótipos com respeito à produtividade, quer de algodão em caroço, quer de fibra. Apesar de se mostrar destacada em alguns genótipos, a porcentagem de fibra não constituiu fator predominante na produção de fibra por área. Entre as 12 cultivares estudadas, somente "CNPA ITA 90" e "BRS IPÊ" apresentaram bom índice de resistência à ramularia. Por outro lado, a "IAC 24" apresentou bom índice para murcha de Fusarium, nematóides e ramulose, as três doenças mais destrutíveis. A maioria das cultivares e linhagens estudadas revelou suscetibilidade a uma ou mais das doenças estudadas, não apresentando genótipo com resistência múltipla a todas as doenças consideradas.

In the 2001/02 growing season 16 field experiments were conducted in the main cotton producing regions of the state of São Paulo to evaluate the performance of 12 cotton genotypes for yield, fiber quality and resistance to six diseases of the crop. A randomized complete block design with four replications, which were represented by two five-meter-long rows now used. Substantial differences between genotypes were observed for both cotton seed and fiber. Although outstanding in some genotypes, the fiber percentage was not a determining factor of fiber yield per area. Among the 12 genotypes studied, only 'CNPA ITA 90' and 'BRS IPÊ' presented good index of resistance to the ramularia. On the other hand, 'IAC 24' presented good index for Fusarium, nematodes and ramulose, the three more destructible diseases.Most of the evalueted cultivars and lines were susceptible to one or more diseases; none of them showed multiple resistance to all diseases.

O comportamento produtivo de genótipos de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) foi avaliado a partir de três diferentes métodos de adaptabilidade e estabilidade. Foram avaliadas 18 linhagens e as cultivares Runner IAC 886 e IAC Caiapó, quanto à produtividade de vagens (PV) e peso de 100 grãos (P100G), em dez ensaios de campo, no Estado de São Paulo, utilizando-se os métodos de ecovalência, Eberhart & Russel e Lin & Binns. Foram observadas diferenças significativas para o efeito de genótipo (G), ambiente (E) e interação (GxE), para as duas variáveis. As linhagens L123, L137 e L150 foram as mais produtivas, com comportamento estável e previsível. O método de Lin & Binns mostrou-se mais discriminante na avaliação da PV e do P100G, enquanto o método de Eberhart & Russel foi mais útil na indicação das linhagens com adaptabilidade ampla ou específica a determinados ambientes. Os métodos de Lin & Binns e de Eberhart & Russel foram mais informativos que o de ecovalência, na predição do comportamento das linhagens para as duas características. Foi encontrada correlação negativa entre a PV e o parâmetro Pi, e positiva entre deltaij e ômegai. Para P100G, detectaram-se as mesmas correlações de PV, além da correlação negativa entre Pi e ômegai.

The performance of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes was assessed using three different adaptability and stability methods. Eighteen lines and two cultivars, Runner IAC 886 and IAC Caiapó, were evaluated for pod yield (PY) and one hundred kernel weight (HKW), in ten field trials in the State of São Paulo, using ecovalance, Eberhart & Russel and Lin & Binns methods. Significant differences for genotype (G), environment (E) and interaction (GxE) effects were observed for both variables. The lines L123, L137 and L150 were most productive and showed stable and predictable behavior. Lin & Binns methods was more sensitive for PY and HKW, while the Eberhart & Russel method was more useful for indicating lines with broad and specific adaptability to environmental conditions. Moreover, the Lin & Binns and Eberhart & Russel methods were more informative than ecovalance in predicting the behavior of genotypes for those two characteristics. Negative correlation between PY and Pi parameter, and positive correlation between deltaij and omegaI were found. Negative correlation was observed between one HKW and Pi, and between Pi and omegai.

In a field trial involving 68 rubber tree (Hevea spp.) clones calculation of genotypic correlation coefficients revealed significant age-age correlation from age 1 to 6 (immature period) for girth A and for age 7 to 12 (mature period) for girth B and for age 7 to 12 (production of latex) for yield. Rank correlation coefficients between all immature ages of girth (girth A), all ages of mature girth (girth B) and all annual rubber production (yield) were significant for the three traits, with the coefficients decreasing with increasing age. Selection of the sets of best 30, 15, 10 and 5 clones from the available 68 clones at a given age was generally accompanied by a descending order of percentage success. It was suggested: (a) to have the best 30 clones of age 6, select the set of best 36 clones at age 2, (b) to have the best 15 clones of age 6, select the set of best 20 clones at age 3, (c) to have the best 5 clones of age 6, select the set of best 8 clones at age 4, and (d) to have the best 3 clones of age 6, select the set of best 3 clones at age 5. More than 80% of the targeted clones on girth A or girth B basis and more than 76.7% clones on yield basis were found to get selected at steps (a) through (d). For achieving early multiplication of the most productive clone for deployment, multiplication should be started with the best 36 (i.e. 60%) clones selected at age 2.

Analysis of variance and covariance was preformed on growth traits (stem girth, bark thickness, total height gain and rubber yield) of 22 open-pollinated progenies of the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis from an Asian Hevea collection introduced to Agronomic Institute (Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; IAC) in 1952. This progeny trial was replicated at three sites in São Paulo state and it was found that at three years from sowing there was statistically significant variation for girth, bark thickness, height and rubber yield. An individual test sites, values of individual plant heritability for girth ranged from h= 0.36 to h= 0.89 whereas values for heritability for progeny means ranged from h= 0.77 to h= 0.87. These moderate and high heritabilities suggest that a combination of progeny and within-progeny selection would be effective at increasing girth in this population at individual sites. Across sites, values of individual-plant heritability for girth ranged from h= 0.36 to h= 0.47, whereas values for heritability of progeny means girth ranged from h= 0.77 to h= 0.87. There were high positive genetic correlations between increased girth and bark thickness suggesting that breeding aimed at increasing girth would also increase bark thickness and possibly height.

Six laticiferous system characters were investigated in 22 three-year-old, half-sib rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell.-Arg.] progenies, evaluated at three sites (Votuporanga, Pindorama and Jaú, all in the São Paulo State, Brazil). The traits examined were: average rubber yield (Pp), average bark thickness (Bt), number of latex vessel rings (Lv), average distance between consecutive latex vessel rings (Dc), density of latex vessels per 5 mm per ring averaged over all rings (Dd) and the diameter of the latex vessels (Di). The joint analysis showed that site effect and progeny x sites interaction were significant for all traits, except Lv. Estimates of individual heritabilities across the three sites were high for Bt; moderate for Lv, Pp and Dc; low for Dd and very low for Di. Genetic correlations in the joint analysis showed high positive correlations between Pp and the other traits. Selecting the best five progenies would result in genetic gains of 24.91% for Pp while selecting best two plants within a progeny would result in a Pp genetic gain of 30.98%.

Avaliaram-se 17 linhagens e duas cultivares de Triticum durum L. tendo como testemunha a cultivar IAC 24 de T. aestivum L., em experimentos semeados em condições de irrigação por aspersão nas localidades de Votuporanga, Ribeirão Preto e Mococa, no período de 1998 a 2002, no Estado de São Paulo. Foram determinados os rendimentos de grãos e o comportamento de cada genótipo diante das variações ambientais. Análises de adaptação e estabilidade permitiram a identificação de genótipos com comportamento previsível a essas condições ambientais. Foram observados efeitos significativos para anos, locais e genótipos, destacando-se na média dos três locais quanto ao rendimento de grãos a linhagem de T. durum L. 11 (MEMOS"S"/YAV79/3/ SAPI"S"/TEAL"S"// HUI"S"). O melhor rendimento de grãos foi observado em Ribeirão Preto e o pior em Votuporanga. Observou-se nas linhagens 9 e 11 (MEMOS"S"/YAV79/3/SAPI"S"/TEAL"S"//HUI"S, 12 e 19 (GYS"S"/3/ STN"S"// HUI"S"/SOMOS"S") e 3 (STN"S"/3/TEZ"S"/YAV79// HUI"S") adaptabilidade específica, portanto, responsivas ao emprego de alta tecnologia. A incidência da ferrugem-da- folha somente foi constatada na cultivar IAC 24 da espécie de T. aestivum.

In order to evaluate Triticum durum L. genotypes having as control the T. aestivum L. cultivar IAC, 24 experiments were carried out, under sprinkler irrigation, at Votuporanga, Ribeirão Preto and Mococa locations, in the period 1998 to 2002, in the State of São Paulo. Grain yield and performance of each genotype in relation to the environment variation were evaluated. Adaptability and stability analysis were made identify genotypes with predictable performance in these environment conditions. Significant effects were observed for years, locations and genotypes. Considering the three locations, Triticum durum inbred line 11 (MEMOS"S"/YAV79/3/ SAPI"S"/TEAL"S"// HUI"S") presented the highest yield. The highest grain yields were observed in Ribeirão Preto and the lowest in Votuporanga. Inbred lines 9 and 11 (MEMOS"S"/79/3/SAPI"S"/TEAL"S"//HUI"S"), 12 and 19 (GYS"S"/3/STN"S"//HUI"S"/SOMOS"S") and 3 STN"S"/3/TEZ"S"/ (YAV79//HUI"S") showed specific adaptability, thus being responsive to high technology use. Leaf rust incidence was only verified in the T. aestivum cultivar IAC 24.

Duas novas cultivares com resistência à seca-da-mangueira obtidas pelo Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, IAC 103 Espada Vermelha e IAC 109 Votupa, foram avaliadas em comparação com quatro cultivares de origem americana cultivadas no Estado de São Paulo: Tommy Atkins, Van Dyke, Palmer e IAC Haden 2H. Esta última é um clone selecionado da 'Haden 2H'. Foram avaliadas a produção, resistência às doenças e mosca-das-frutas bem como as características físicas e químicas dos frutos. A produtividade das cultivares foi avaliada em Votuporanga-SP, utilizando um ensaio em blocos completos ao acaso, com as seis cultivares e cinco repetições, com três plantas por parcela. A cultivar Palmer mostrou-se a mais produtiva, revelando boa adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas do local. Nenhuma cultivar foi resistente a todas as doenças, e a 'Haden 2H' foi a mais suscetível. A 'Espada Vermelha' mostrou-se resistente à mosca-das-frutas, e a 'Votupa' apresentou a maior porcentagem de polpa, próxima à das comerciais 'Van Dyke', 'Tommy Atkins' e 'Palmer'. O valor nutritivo e a composição química dos frutos foram avaliados no Instituto Agronômico e no Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, em Campinas. A cultivar Espada Vermelha distinguiu-se das demais por ter apresentado características diferenciadas em alguns dos parâmetros químicos avaliados, principalmente quanto aos teores de minerais, carotenóides totais e de lipídeos, que proporcionaram intenso aroma e coloração aos seus frutos. 'Votupa', 'Palmer' e 'Van Dyke' apresentaram frutos mais ácidos e mais calóricos, enquanto as cultivares Espada Vermelha, Tommy Atykns e Haden 2H mostraram frutos de baixa acidez e de menor valor calórico.

Two new mango cultivars, IAC 103 Espada Vermelha and IAC 109 Votupa, resistant to the mango wilt caused by the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata and selected by the "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" (IAC), were compaired to four Floridian cultivars used for commercial production in the State of São Paulo: Tommy Atkins, Van Dyke, Palmer and IAC Haden 2H. This last one is a clone selected from the Haden 2H cultivar. The yield capacity of the cultivars was evaluated in a field experiment with six cultivars, five replications and three plants per plot, using a completely randomized blocks design, in Votuporanga, State of São Paulo. The yield, resistance to diseases and fruit-fly as well as physical and chemical parameters of the fruits were evaluated. The cultivar Palmer was the most productive, with good adaptation to the local soil and climatic conditions. 'Haden 2H' was the most susceptible cultivar. There was no cultivar resistant to all diseases and 'Espada Vermelha' showed some resistance to fruit-fly. The proportion of peel, pulp and seeds of the fruits were evaluated. The cultivar Votupa showed the highest percentage of pulp, which was similar to the commercial cultivars Van Dyke, Tommy Atkins and Palmer. To evaluate the nutritive value of the cultivars, the chemical composition of the fruits were made in "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" and "Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos", both located in Campinas, State of São Paulo. The fruits were analysed for pH, soluble solids (ºBrix), total acidity, lipids, total protein, residual fixed minerals (ash), pectin, ascorbic acid, total carotene, total alimentary fibers, total carbohidrates and calories, and the content of calcium, cupper, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, potassium and zinc. The cultivar "Espada Vermelha" differed from the others by the chemical parameters, mainly in the mineral composition and in the content of total carotenoids and lipids, which provided intense flavor and coloration to its fruits. 'Votupa', 'Palmer' and 'Van Dyke' presented higher acidity and caloric fruits, whereas 'Espada Vermelha', 'Tommy Atykns' and 'Haden 2H' had fruits less caloric and with lower acidity.

Five yield traits were investigated in three-year-old progenies from open-pollinated rubber trees [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss) Muell.-Arg.]. Twenty progenies were evaluated in a randomized, complete block design replicated three times using 10 plants per linear plot at the North Central Experimental Station in Pindorama, São Paulo State, Brazil. The characters evaluated included the average yield of rubber, growth vigor, bark thickness, total number of latex vessel rings and latex vessel size. Highly significant (p < 0.01) genetic differences were observed among progenies for most traits. The genotypic variance components accounted for 13.2%, 12.3%, 9.4%, 3.4% and 0.23% of the phenotypic variance for yield, growth vigor, bark thickness, total number of latex vessel rings and latex vessel size, respectively. Heritabilities, as well as genotypic and phenotypic correlations among traits, were estimated. Heritabilities for the above traits at the individual plant level (<img border=0 id="_x0000_i1026" src="../../../../img/revistas/gmb/v27n2/a14img01.gif" align=absmiddle>) were 37%, 35%, 69%, 10% and 16%, respectively. Significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations were found between the yield of rubber and growth vigor (r g = 0.73, r p = 0.70), bark thickness (r g = 0.70**, r p = 0.75**) and the total number of latex vessel rings (r g = 0.64, r p = 0.80). There was no relationship between yield and latex vessel size, growth vigor or total number of latex vessel rings. Based on these data, selecting the best two out of 20 progenies would result in a genetic gain of 12.3% and 6.8% for yield of rubber and growth vigor, respectively. The two best individual ortets within each progeny would result in a genetic gain of 27.7% and 9.1%, with a total gain of 40% and 16% for these two traits, respectively.

The best-yielding, best vigour and most stable Hevea clones are identified by growing clones in different environments. However, research on the stability in Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. Adr. ex Juss.) Muell.-Arg. is scarce. The objectives of this work were to assess genotype-environment interaction and determine stable genotypes. Stability analysis were performed on results for girth growth and rubber yield of seven clones from five comparative trials conducted over 10 years (girth growth) and four years (rubber yield) in São Paulo State, Brazil. Stability was estimated using the Eberhart and Russell (1966) method. Year by location and location variability were the dominant sources of interactions. The stability analysis identified GT 1 and IAN 873 as the most stable clones for girth growth and rubber yield respectively since their regression coefficients were almost the unity (b = 1) and they had one of the lowest deviations from regressions (S2di). Their coefficient of determination (R²) was as high as 89.5% and 89.8% confirming their stability. In contrast, clones such as PB 235, PR 261, and RRIM 701 for girth growth and clones such as GT 1 for rubber yield with regression coefficients greater than one were regarded as sensitive to environment changes.

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido nos anos agrícolas de 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99 e 1999/00, em experimentos de campo nas localidades de Ribeirão Preto, Tietê, Guaíra, Campinas e Ilha Solteira, no Estado de São Paulo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso com doze tratamentos arranjados em um esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 2, visando estudar densidade de plantas (6 ; 10 e 14 plantas por metro); doses de nitrogênio em cobertura (40 e 60 kg.ha-1 de N) e modos de aplicação de regulador vegetal, com aplicação única, no início do florescimento ou parcelada em 4 vezes, desde o desbaste. O sistema de aplicação parcelada propiciou altura média de planta inferior e massa média de capulhos superior àquele obtido com a aplicação única do regulador. A aplicação da maior dose de N implicou obtenção dos maiores valores de N foliar e produtividade de algodão em caroço, bem como menor porcentagem de fibra. O aumento da densidade de plantas de 6 para 10 e 14 plantas por metro, ocasionou redução da porcentagem de fibra e da massa de capulhos.

The present work was developed during the growing seasons of 1996/97, 1997/98, 1998/99 and 1999/00 at Ribeirão Preto, Tietê, Guaíra, Campinas and Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was the completely casualized blocks, using the factorial arrangement with twelve treatments (3 x 2 x 2) and four replications. The objective of this work was to study plant density (6; 10 and 14 plants/m); nitrogen levels at broadcasting (40 and 60 kg.ha-1 of N/ha) and types of growth regulator application (single application at flowering or splitting in four times, since the thinning). The split application conduced to lower height of plants and greater weight of bolls when compared to the single application of the growth regulator. The application of the highest level of N, increased the leaves nitrogen content in and cotton yield, and reduced the lint percentage. increasing plant density from 6 to 10 and 14 plants/m, reduced lint porcentage and bolls weight.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e expressão fenotípica de caracteres superiores de dez clones amazônicos de seringueira (Hevea spp.) no planalto do Estado de São Paulo em um período de 10 anos, obedecendo ao delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições e parcelas lineares de seis plantas. O clone IAN 3156 foi o mais produtivo, com média de 65,57 g de borracha seca/árvore/sangria, no período de quatro anos, seguido pelo clone RO 45 com 52,29 g de borracha seca/árvore/sangria, enquanto o clone-testemunha, RRIM 600, produziu 41,04 g/árvore/sangria. Todos os clones apresentaram crescimento vigoroso. O perímetro do caule na abertura do painel variou de 37,01 cm (IAN 3193) a 49,41 cm (IAN 4493). A porcentagem de plantas aptas à sangria variou de 30,0% (IAN 3703) a 93,75% (IAN 6323). Exceto os clones IAN 3156 e IAN 4493 com 7,00 mm e 6,32 mm, respectivamente, todos os outros clones apresentaram espessura de casca virgem inferior ao clone RRIM 600, que apresentou 6,18 mm. O clone IAN 3193 apresentou maior incidência de quebra do ponteiro pelo vento. Todos os clones estudados apresentaram baixa incidência de secamento de painel. O bom desempenho dos clones IAN 3156, RO 45, Fx 3899 e IAN 4493 permite que possam ser experimentados em larga escala, envolvendo diferentes ambientes no Estado de São Paulo.

The objective of this paper was to evaluate, for a period of 10 years, the adaptability and phenotypic expression of superior characters of 10 clones of rubber tree (Hevea spp.) grown in the plateau of São Paulo State, Brazil. The clones in the field were arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates and six plants per linear plots. The results showed that the clone IAN 3156 recorded highest yield (65.57 g/tree/tap) followed by RO 45 (52.29 g/tree/tap), whereas the control clone RRIM 600 recorded 41.04 g/tree/tap over four years of tapping. All selected clones were vigorous, with girth range at opening varying from 37.01 cm (IAN 3193) to 49.41 cm (IAN 4493). The percentage range of plants able for opening were 30.0% for IAN 3703 to 93.75% for IAN 6323. Except for IAN 3156 with 7.0 mm and for IAN 4493 with 6.32 mm other clones had low thick virgin bark at open compared to the control clone RRIM 600, which recorded 6.18 mm. Concerned to wind damage, except for IAN 3193 all the studied clones experienced low incidence of wind damage. All clones showed low to very low incidence of tree dryness. A complementary evaluation of the best clones (IAN 3156, RO 45, Fx 3899 and IAN 4493) in different environment of the São Paulo State is suggested, to evaluate besides yielding other secondary characters with the purpose of future recommendation of planting material in large scale.

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido nos anos agrícolas de 1979/80 a 1982/83 em diferentes localidades no Estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da eliminação do desbaste na cultura do algodoeiro Gossypium hirsutum L. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de 12 e 24 sementes/m, submetidas ao deslintamento mecânico, deslintamento mecânico + tratamento com fungicidas e deslintamento químico + tratamento com fungicidas. Para a avaliação dos resultados foram feitas duas análises conjuntas, com base na emergência das plantas: emergência normal e emergência tardia, estudando-se as características: emergência, produção, estande final, peso de capulho e semente, porcentagem e índice de fibra. Os resultados mostraram que em condições edafoclimáticas adversas à germinação ocorreu baixa emergência, causando, com isso, menor população de plantas, e, conseqüentemente, prejuízos à produção de algodão. Com maior estande ocorreram menores pesos de capulho e de sementes, e menor porcentagem e índice de fibra. Constatou-se que existe a viabilidade de eliminação da prática do desbaste por meio do tratamento das sementes com fungicidas aliado ao deslintamento químico, desde que o plantio seja efetuado em boas condições de ambiente à germinação.

This work was developed during the agricultural years of 1979/80 to 1982/83 in different localities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to evaluate the effect of plant thinning in the cotton plantation. The trial was carried out in a randomized block design and in a factorial scheme with six treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of 12 and 24 seeds/m submitted to mechanical delinting + fungicide, and chemical delinting + fungicides. For evaluation of the results, two conjunct analyses were done based on the plant emergence: normal emergence and late emergence, by studying the following traits: emergence, production, final stand, boll weight, seed weight and fiber index. The results showed that under adverse conditions to germination a low emergence occurred, causing smaller plant population and consequently lesser cotton production. With greater stand, smaller boll weight, seed weight, and minor percentage and index of fiber occurred. It was evidenced that the viability of eliminating the plant population thinning by seed treatment with fungicides and chemical delinting exists, since their planting be done under good environment conditions for germination.

É apresentado o desempenho de 19 novos clones de seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. exAdr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.], resultantes de hibridações conduzidas no Instituto Agronômico e avaliados em experimento de pequena escala, tendo o clone RRIM 600 como testemunha. O experimento em campo obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Com relação à produção de borracha seca, o clone IAC 40 apresentou a maior média (62,22 g/árvore/sangria) nos três anos de avaliação, seguido pelo IAC 301 (57,67 g/árvore/sangria) e pelo IAC 300 (50,61 g/árvore/sangria), com produções 154%, 138% e 123% superiores em relação ao RRIM 600 (41,04 g/árvore/sangria). Todos os clones selecionados foram vigorosos, com perímetro do caule na abertura do painel variando de 37,81 cm (IAC 317) a 50,90 cm (IAC 315). A porcentagem de plantas aptas a sangria variou de 20,0% (IAC 317) a 100% (IAC 315). Todos os clones apresentaram baixas incidências de quebra pelo vento e de secamento do painel. Não foi detectada nenhuma doença foliar em caráter epidêmico. Dos clones estudados, 15 apresentaram alta resistência à antracnose do painel, e foram superiores ao RRIM 600; os outros cinco apresentaram resistência moderada semelhante ao RRIM 600.

The present paper shows the performance of 19 rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] originated from Hevea breeding programme conducted at the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) and evaluated in a small scale trial in the northwestern of São Paulo State, Brazil. The old popular clone RRIM 600 of Malaysian origin was used as control. The trial was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. Concerned to yielding the clone IAC 40 recorded highest yield (62.22 g/tree/tap) over three years of tapping which was followed by IAC 301 (57.67 g/tree/tap) and IAC 300 (50.61 g/tree/tap) yielding 154%, 138% and 123% superior to the control clone and RRIM 600 whereas recorded 41.04 tree/tap. All selected clones were of vigorous growing, with the girth at opening ranging from 37.81 cm for IAC 317 to 50.90 cm for IAC 315 and tappability ranging from 20.0% for IAC 317 to 100% for IAC 315. All the clones experienced low to very low incidence of wind damage. All selected clones showed low to very low incidence of dry trees. Fifteen clones showed high resistance and five presented moderate resistance to anthrachnose panel canker disease similarly to RRIM 600.

Neste trabalho é relatado o esquema utilizado para obtenção da cultivar IAC 21 realizado durante o período de 1981/82 a 1993/94. A cultivar foi originada por resseleção da IAC 19, direcionada principalmente para resistência a Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides e nematóides, através do melhoramento genealógico. No início dos estudos as seleções e respectivas progênies foram comparadas à cultivar original IAC 19 e, posteriormente, a 'IAC 20'. Além das características econômicas de produção e qualidade da fibra, a linhagem foi avaliada para resistência múltipla às doenças: murchas de Fusarium e Verticillium, mancha-angular, ramulose e nematóides. A cultivar IAC 21 foi superior a 'IAC 19' em 6,2%, em produtividade, na média geral dos experimentos, chegando a 18,1% em solos altamente infectados por patógenos; 4,6% em produção de sementes, 2,4% em tenacidade da fibra e 6,9% em tenacidade do fio, sem perdas significativas em outras características, com exceção da porcentagem de fibra que decresceu 2,6%. Com respeito às doenças, apresentou melhores índices para murcha de Fusarium e ramulose mantendo-se, entretanto, no mesmo nível para as demais. Estudos preliminares mostraram que 'IAC 21' apresentou índices inferiores a 'CNPA ITA 90' para a anomalia "murchamento avermelhado". Devido às vantagens verificadas em relação a 'IAC 19' e 'IAC 20', 'IAC 21' foi recomendada para plantio em todas as áreas do Estado de São Paulo, excluindo-se as de ocorrência do "murchamento avermelhado".

It is described the program to obtain cotton cultivar IAC 21 developed over the period of 1981/82 to 1993/94. The cultivar IAC 21 was originated from selections in 'IAC 19' population using the pedigree procedure taking into account some agronomical characteristics, and complemented with two specific breeding cycles for resistance to Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides and to nematodes. Initially, comparisons of results were made to 'IAC 19', later to 'IAC 20'. Economical characteristics of production, fiber quality and multiple resistance to diseases (Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt, bacterial blight, ramulosis and nematodes) were evaluated. When compared to 'IAC 19', the cultivar IAC 21 showed the following overall gains: 6.2% in yield, being of 18.1% on highly infected soil; 4.6% in seed yield; 2.4% in fiber tenacity and 6.9% in yarn tenacity, with no losses in other characters except to fiber that was lowered by 2.6% (about 1% in absolute value). There was an improvement in Fusarium wilt and ramulosis resistance, and no changes as to resistance to other diseases. A preliminary study revealed that the new anomaly called, in Brazil, "murchamento avermelhado" (reddish wilt or bronze wilt) affected 'IAC 21' more than the resistant cultivar CNPA ITA 90. By its advantages over 'IAC 19' and 'IAC 20', the cultivar IAC 21 was released in 1993, recommended for all the cotton areas of the State of São Paulo, except those where "murchamento avermelhado" occurred.

Avaliaram-se a influência do ambiente em 20 genótipos de trigo, no rendimento e qualidade de grãos, a adaptabilidade e a reação a doenças, em regiões onde a irrigação se faz necessária para permitir o bom desempenho agronômico de um genótipo. Instalaram-se os experimentos em Tatuí, Votuporanga, Ribeirão Preto e Mococa, Estado de São Paulo, no período de 1995-98. Avaliaram-se, também, a tolerância dos genótipos ao alumínio tóxico em solução nutritiva e a qualidade industrial para panificação. Com bom rendimento de grãos destacaram-se: em Tatuí, os genótipos IAC 351, IAC 335, IAC 289 e Mochis; em Votuporanga, IAC 289, TUI"S" e SERI*3/BUC; em Ribeirão Preto e Mococa, o IAC 370. No conceito de genótipo ideal, o IAC 370 apresentou alta capacidade produtiva, foi responsivo à melhoria do ambiente e sensível às condições desfavoráveis do ambiente. Entre as doenças, a ferrugem-da-folha foi a de abrangência generalizada com maior incidência em Tatuí. Anahuac, IAC 287, CAL/CHKW//VEE"S" e IAC 370 foram os mais suscetíveis ao oídio. Os genótipos Anahuac, IAC 287, JCAM//EMU"S"/YACO"S", PFAU e IAC 339 foram os mais sensíveis à toxicidade por Al3+. Os genótipos Anahuac, IAC 24, IAC 287, IAC 289, IAC 334, PFAU, TUI"S", IAC 339, IAC 370 e IAC 351 apresentaram características de farinha com bom potencial para panificação.

Environmental influence was evaluated in 20 wheat genotypes in relation to grain yield and quality, adaptability and disease reaction in regions where irrigation is necessary for good agronomical performance. The experiments were carried out at Tatuí, Votuporanga, Ribeirão Preto, and Mococa in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, during 1995-98. Genotypes were also evaluated for tolerance to aluminum toxicity in nutrient solutions and for industrial quality for bread production. The genotypes IAC 351, IAC 335, IAC 289 and Mochis presented high grain yield in Tatuí; IAC 289, TUI"S" and SERI*3/BUC in Votuporanga; and IAC 370 in Ribeirão Preto and Mococa. Under the ideal genotype concept the IAC 370 showed high grain yield capacity, was responsive to the environment improvement and sensitive to the unfavorable environment conditions. Among the diseases, leaf rust presented general occurrence, showing higher incidence in Tatuí. Anahuac, IAC 287, CAL/CHKW//VEE"S" and IAC 370 were the most susceptible to powdery mildew. The genotypes Anahuac, IAC 287, JCAM//EMU"S"/YACO"S", PFAU and IAC 339 were the most sensitive to aluminum toxicity. Anahuac, IAC 24, IAC 287, IAC 289, IAC 334, PFAU, TUI"S", IAC 339, IAC 370 and IAC 351 exhibited flour characteristics with good potential for bread production.